ITINERARIES AND TRAVELERS

ITINERARIES

Continued as from march 2015

with DRIVE Travelers and routes 

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1CbThQb1Zo9np244ZaqvfNr8LNffRjccdFrV42Qizn1Q/edit?usp=sharing

Last modifications: April 5, 2014

Europe
Eurasia
Alexander
Persian Royal Road
Ancient trade routes

Travelers along the silkroads

Within China

The China ware map
Ennin Jikaku Daishi

Within Korea
Within Japan

Europe

Limes

Antonine Wall and Hadrian Wall in the U.K.
Limes Germanicus, from the North Sea to near Regensburg on the Danube (Katwijk, Oude Rijn, Leidse Rijn, Kromme Rijn, Nederrijn, Rheinbrohl, Taunus mountains to the river Main --East of Hanau--, Miltenberg, Osterburken, Lorch, Eining). Limes Strasse, official web page in German.
http://www.limesstrasse.de/index.php?id=175.

Roman roads.

From Spain to Italy
From Lyon to Arles
Via Agrippa
Via Domitia
Via Aurelia
http://jean-francois.mangin.pagesperso-orange.fr/romains/ro_1.htm


L’Itinéraire de Bordeaux à Jérusalem, itinerary dated 333 (IVth Century).

Guide du pèlerin de Terre Sainte au XVe siècle (Un), Régine Pernoud, ed., 1940, (Reference work about hiking, walking).

Crusader itinerary: Crossing Alpine Passes, following the Po River towards Venice, and then down the coast, on the Dalmatian side of Adriatic Sea until Durazzo (present day Dürres in Albania, across from Brindisi and Bari). There, find the antique Via Egnatialeading to Constantinople (Istanbul).
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Via_Egnatia-en.jpg.

St. James' Way (Chemins de Saint-Jacques), back from Compostelle to South of France, Arles: Compostelle, Leon, Burgos, Logrono, Pampelune, col de Ronceveau, val de Cize, Saint-Jean-Pied-de-Porc, Toulouse, St-Guilhem-du-Désert, St-Gilles-du-Gard, Arles. The costal way goes Oviedo, Santander, Bilbao, Pampelune, Roceveau, , Col du Somport, Toulouse, St-Guilhem-du-Désert, St-Gilles-du-Gard, Arles (See Guide du pèlerin de Saint-Jacques, XIIth century). Codex Calixtinus (info from en.wiki).
Bibliography: La légende de Compostelle : le livre de Saint Jacques / Bernard Gicquel ; postface by Denise Péricard-Méa, Paris : Tallandier, 2003, 760p.


Via Regia from Santiago de Compostela to Kiev
http://www.via-regia.org/eng/
VIA REGIA is the name of the oldest and longest road link between the East and the West of Europe. The route exists since more than 2.000 years.
Maps
http://www.landesentwicklung.sachsen.de/download/Landesentwicklung/ED-C_III_Via_Regia_Verlauf.jpg



Via Francigena
From the cathedral city of Canterbury in England to Rome
http://www.francigena-international.org/newsite/upload/cartinaVF-E.10.jpg.


«Caminus Basle»
Nach dem Niedergang der Messen in der Champagne um
1300 verlagert sich nämlich die Handelsachse Italien-Nordwesteuropa auf die
Rheinstrasse, den «caminus Basle», den Weg über Basel. Die Handelswege führen über die Schweiz nach den rheinischen Bischofsstädten.
http://www.kurt.steudler.ch/SRW/Dateien/NZZ_Banken_Geschichte.pdf

Gotthard in Venedig den Namen «Caminus Basle» trug.
http://download.burgenverein-untervaz.ch/downloads/dorfgeschichte/1908-Zur%20Geschichte%20der%20Transitwege%20durch%20Graub%C3%BCnden.pdf

Köln (Cologne) - Constantinople
40 walking days. Guillaume de Rubrouck walks 40 days from Constantinople to Cologne when he travels back from Mongolia in 1255. (Jean Favier, Les Grandes découvertes, Fayard, 1991).

Leipzig - Syracuse (Sicily)
Seume Johann Gottfried, Spaziergang nach Syrakus im Jahre 1802 / J.G. Seume, Brunsvic ; Leipzig, 1803. Voyage à Syracuse / Johann Gottfried Seume ; texte trad. et présenté par Marcel Mouseler, Rennes : Presses universitaires de Rennes, 2011. (Grand classique de la marche, reference work about hiking, walking).


Switzerland
Via Francigena
http://www.francigena-international.org/newsite/upload/cartinaVF-E.10.jpg
Itinerary of  via Francigena through Switzerland (photo, St Maurice).

D.H. Lawrence across Switzerland.
http://gmslausanne.blogspot.ch/2009/07/dh-lawrence-traverse-la-suisse-pied.html


Geneva - Davos
Gruber Herbert, Kulturweg Alpen : zu Fuss von Lac Léman ins Val Müstair (Alpine Cultural Trail, by foot from Geneva Lake to Val Müstair) / hrsg. von den Naturfreunden Schweiz ; Red.: Herbert Gruber ; mit Beitr. von Thomas Bachmann ... [et al.], Zürich : Limmatt-Verlag, 2001 . ( Reference work about hiking, walking).

Schaffhausen – Berlin
Around 1750, Ulrich Bräker, « le pauvre homme du Toggenbourg »,  walks from Schaffhausen in Switzerland to Berlin, in 25 days.
Schaffhausen, Ebingen, Obermarkt, Ulm, Egna, Gengen, Nördlingen, Gonzenhausen, Schwabach, Nuremberg, Bayersdorf, Tropach, Bayreuth, Bernig, Hof, Schleiz, Cistritz, Weissenfels, Halle, Zerbst, Dessau, Görz, Ustermark, Spandau, Charlottenbourg, Berlin.
Ulrich Bräker, Le pauvre homme du Toggenbourg,  Lausanne : L’Age d’Homme, 1985, pp. 118-120.

Eurasia

Far-West Eurasia to Far-East Eurasia
The area goes from West to East, from East to West, overland. So its western and historical end would be in Port Carlisle, on the extreme north west end of the Roman empire, at the end of the Hadrian's Wall, close to the England - Scotland border on the Irish Sea. As a parallel, the eastern end, could be placed "where the Great Wall snakes out of the hills to meet the sea" (Lonely planet, China, 2007, p. 199) in Shanhaiguan (山海关). In fact, it makes sense to extend this eastern end to Nara in Japan. In Japan, we could make a stop at Genko-Borvi Wall, a wall built by the Japanese in order to prevent 1274 and 1281 attempts by the Mongols to invade Japan.

Alexander

Everything about Alexander the great, therefore, also about his expedition in central Asia.
Map of Alexander route:
http://www.columbia.edu/itc/mealac/pritchett/00maplinks/early/alexander/alexander3.jpg

Persian Royal Road

Original document under (map plus article by Jona Lendering on the Persian Royal Road):
http://www.livius.org/ro-rz/royal_road/royal_road.htm
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b3/Map_achaemenid_empire_en.png

Section of the road in Turkey: Sardes: Sardis, Sardes (Sart) near Salihli in the Manisa province of Turkey, close to the Ankara - İzmir highway (approximately 72 kilometers from İzmir).
Gordium: Yassihüyük. It is located about 70-80 km southwest of modern Ankara (capital of Turkey), in the immediate vicinity of Polatlı district.
Comana: The site lies at Şarköy or Şar (English Shahr written), a village in the Anti-Taurus on the upper course of the Sarus (Sihun), mainly Armenian, but surrounded by new settlements of Avshar Turkomans and Circassians. The place has derived importance both in antiquity and now from its position at the eastern end of the main pass of the western Anti-Taurus range, the Kuru Chai, through which passed the road from Caesarea-Mazaca (mod. Kayseri) to Melitene (mod. Malatya), converted by Septimius Severus into the chief military road to the eastern frontier of the empire. The extant remains at Şar include a theatre on the left bank of the river, a fine Roman doorway and many inscriptions.
Melitene: Ancient Malatya lies a few kilometers from the modern city in what is now the village of Arslantepe (Hittite) and near the depending district center of Battalgazi (Byzantine to Ottoman).
Arbela and further: in Iraq and Iran.

But it seems that the Royal Road (map) went more on the Northern part of Anatolia, not through the middle as shown on this map.
Map2royal

A rough map of Achaemenid Empire showing the Royal Road with ancient names: Ephesus, Sardes, Pteria, Gaugamela, Susa. But the sketchy map helps to locate ancient zones like SOGDIANA, BACTRIANA, GANDARA, PARTHIA, PERSIA, ARMENIA, USO.
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b3/Map_achaemenid_empire_en.png

The Persian Royal Road (map)
http://www.livius.org/ro-rz/royal_road/royal_road.htm

Ancient trade routes

A long list of links to ancient trade routes web pages. Trade routes and route maps
On the Silk Road foundation web page

Travelers along the silkroads

Hereunder an alphabetical list of all kinds of travelers along the silkroads, through the Old world, across Eurasia.


Anonymous in 851: Akhbar al-Sin wa'l Hind (Accounts of China and India), French translation as Ahbâr as-Sîn wa-I-Hind, Relations de la Chine et de l'Inde, rédigé en 851, trad. par Jean Sauvaget, Paris: Les Belles Lettres, 1948.

Albuini Gérard

Barbery Muriel, successful Swiss author of L'Elégance du hérisson, one year in Japan (2007), following the steps of her traveler hero, Nicolas Bouvier (Florence Gaillard, Le Temps, Saturday 29 December, 2007).

BAR SAUMA Rabban, c. 1220–1294, (Rabban Çauma, Rabban Sauma, Rabban Ṣawma, 拉賓掃務瑪 or La bin sao wu ma), Chinese Christian Nestorian monk, XIIIth, coming from China to probably visit Jerusalem. Went also to Rome and Paris. His testimony has been translated from Persian to Latin in the XIIIth century. In English: The Monks of Kublai Khan.
(Jean Favier, Les Grandes découvertes, Fayard, 1991 and excellent wiki article with map)


Barthes, L'empire des signes, 1970.

Battuta see Ibn Battûta.

Benoît de Pologne: In 1245, Pope Innocent IV dispatches Giovanni da Piane Carpino – Jean de Plan Carpin and Benoît de Pologne to the Mongols. With Stephen of Bohemia, they meet the Mongols near Kiev, and then follow them back to Mongolia where they take part in Güyük coronation. Their book, Ystoria Mongalorum, provides Europe with major information about Mongols (Source Jean-Pierre Duteil: C'est dans ce contexte qu'Innocent IV envoie deux missives « au roi et au peuple des Tartares » en 1245. Il propose un plan de paix, et présente un exposé de la doctrine chrétienne, puis confie tout cela au franciscain Giovanni da Piane Carpino – Jean de Plan Carpin – qui part de Lyon le 16 avril puis s'adjoint à Wroclaw son confrère Benoît de Pologne. Il rencontre les Mongols peu après Kiev, puis les suit jusqu'en Mongolie, où il assiste au couronnement de Güyük. La relation de sa mission, l'Ystoria Mongalorum, donne à l'Europe de précieuses informations sur ces peuples, ainsi que sur leurs techniques de combat). See Giovanni da PIAN CARPINO.

Bernier François (1625–1688). India, Cashmir, Persia.

Bodydharma

Bourboulon Catherine de, L'Asie cavalière. De Shang-haï à Moscou 1860-1862, Paris: Phébus, 1991.

Bouvier Nicolas, Chronique japonaise, 1964.

Carpini John of Piano (1180-1252), Franciscan, reached Mongol court in Asia in 1246. See Giovanni da PIAN CARPINO.

Çauma Rabban. See BAR SAUMA Rabban.

Chardin Jean, born Jean-Baptiste Chardin, also known as Sir John Chardin, Persia and India.

Claudel Paul

Clémenzo, Jean-Yves, Sur les traces de Nicolas Bouvier et d'Ella Maillart : de Sion à Pékin,
Sierre : Ed. à la Carte, 2002 (Sierre : Impr. Calligraphy). (About China, Middle East, 2000).


Cor Jean de

Durand-Fardel, Laure, De Marseille à Shanghai et Yedo. Récits d'une Parisienne, Paris: Hachette, 1879, (Mentionned and presented in Lapeyre Françoise, Le Roman des voyageuses françaises (1800-1900), Paris: Petite Bibliothèque Payot/Voyageurs, 2007).

Ennin, Jikaku Daishi, Ennin's diary : the record of a pilgrimage to China in search of the law.

Etienne de Bohême

Faxian, first Chinese Buddhist monk to travel from China to India and back. In 399, at more than 60, he left China, went to India via the oases route, traveled all across India to Ceylon. Stayed outside China 12 years. Returned by boat to China. Fa-Hian (Faxian), Foe Koue ki ou Relations des royaumes bouddhiques, trad. du chinois et commenté par Abel Rémusat, revu, complété, et augm. d'éclaircissements nouveaux par MM. Klaproth et Landresse, Paris, 1836.

Fleming Peter: Paulet, Bruno, Mémoires des sables : en Haute-Asie sur la piste oubliée d'Ella Maillart et Peter Fleming, Genève : Olizane, 2007.

Gan Ying, went from China to Persian Gulf.

Germain-Thomas Olivier, Le Bénarès-Kyôto, La traversée de la Chine à la vitesse du printemps.

Goes Benedict de (1562-1607). In 1602, travelled overland from India, first identifying China with "Cathay".

Guillaume de Rubruck or Guillaume de Rubrouck. See William of Rubruck.

Hayton d'Arménie

Hedin Sven, Trois ans de lutte dans les déserts d'Asie : 1894-1897.

Herodotus

Ibn Battûta , Voyages, trad. de l'arabe de C. Defremery et B.R. Sanguinetti (1858) ; introd. et notes de Stéphane Yerasimos, Paris : La Découverte, 1997. The Travels of Ibn Battuta.

Iwao
Osaka - Marakech
http://picasaweb.google.com/iw.ando/WAaedD#

Jean de Monte Corvino or Jean de Montecorvino, see Monte Corvino, John of (1281). See Giovanni da MONTECORVINO.

Jean du Plan Carpin. See Giovanni da PIAN CARPINO.

Jourdain de Séverac

Kūkai

Loviot Fanny, Les Pirates chinois. Ma captivité dans les mers de la Chine, Paris: Bourdilliat, 1860, (Mentionned and presented in Lapeyre Françoise, Le Roman des voyageuses françaises (1800-1900), Paris: Petite Bibliothèque Payot/Voyageurs, 2007).

Maillart Ella, Mémoires des sables : en Haute-Asie sur la piste oubliée . Oasis interdites : de Pékin au Cachemire, une femme à travers l'Asie centrale en 1935.

MARCO POLO, MARCO POLO'S ITINERARY- Venice to China and back, Marco Polo, Le Devisement du monde, (on the road c. 1271-92).

Marignola John of (Jean de Marignoli), vers 1342 (John Marignolli). Remained in China from 1338-46. Was bishop in Beijing from 1342 until 1346. Also in Quanzhou (Zaitun)?

METROZ Gael (director), Nomad's Land. Sur les traces de Nicolas Bouvier, 90 min., Tipi'mage, 2008. Documentary through Turkey, Iran, Afghanistan, India, Sri Lanka, showing some of Nicolas Bouvier's trip locations in 2008.

Michaux Henri, Un barbare en Asie. Trip in Asia in 1931. Book written in 1945. About India pp. 19 - 134, China pp 145 - 194, Japan 196 - 214, Malaysian people (Malaysia, Singapore, Sumatra, Java, Borneo, Flores) 217 - 232.

Giovanni da MONTECORVINO (John of Montecorvino, Jean de Montecorvino, Jean de Montecorvin), (1246-1328), a Franciscan sent by the Pope Nicolas IV to China. He reached Beijing in 1294, built a church, taught choristers and bible-clerks Greek and Latin and claimed 6000 converts by 1305. In 1308 he was consecrated the first Archbishop of the Catholic Church in China. Dies in 1328 in Khambaluk (Peking, Beijing). Only few letters from him. See wiki article for bibliographic details.


Odoric of Pordenone (1325), first European to have seen Lhassa.

Ollivier Bernard, Longue marche : à pied, de la Méditerranée jusqu'en Chine, par la Route de la Soie, Paris : Phébus, 2000-2002.

Paulet, Bruno, Mémoires des sables : en Haute-Asie sur la piste oubliée d'Ella Maillart et Peter Fleming, Genève : Olizane, 2007.


Pérouse André de, in Beijing in 1311.

Giovanni da PIAN CARPINO (1180-1252), (Giovanni dal Piano dei Carpini, Plano Cerpini, in French Jean de Plan Carpin, Giovanni da Pian del Carpine, also John of Plano Carpini, John of Pian de Carpine, John of Piano Carpini, Joannes de Plano), Italian Franciscan friar, sent by pope Innocent IV in exploration of Asia during 2 years, 1245-1247. He travels with two other Franciscans, Stephen of Bohemia (Etienne de Bohême) and Benoît de Pologne. Reached Mongol court in Asia in 1246.
Itinerary: Lyon, Kiev, north of Caspian sea, Saraï, Tashkent, Karakorum (5 ½ month).
Author of History of the Mongols, which we call Tartars, and Liber Tartarorum, or Liber Tatarorum (Book of the Tartars). In French, l’Histoire des Mongols.
After his return, he will be made bishop. (Jean Favier, Les Grandes découvertes, Fayard, 1991).


Rapin Claude

Ricci Matteo (1552-1610)

Roche Amandine, Nomade sur la voie d'Ella Maillart, Arthaud, 2003.

William of Rubruck, c. 1220 - c. 1293, (William of Rubruk, Willem van Ruysbroeck, Guillaume de Rubrouck or Willielmus de Rubruquis), Flemish Franciscan, sent during 1253-1255 by French king Louis IX (Saint Louis) in exploration in Asia.
Itinerary: Acre, Constantinople, Saraï, Karakorum (7 ½ month).
Author of Itinéraire (Itinerarium fratris Willielmi de Rubruquis de ordine fratrum Minorum, Galli, Anno gratia 1253 ad partes Orientales). (Source: Jean Favier, Les Grandes découvertes, Fayard, 1991 and excellent wiki article with map).


Saint Quentin Simon de

SAUMA Rabban (Rabban Bar Sauma) (1250-1294), a Nestorian Christian from Beijing, reached Rome; his visit persuaded the Pope to send John of Monte Corvino, a Franciscan, to China. See BAR SAUMA Rabban.

Segalen Victor

Sindbad

Stein Aurel, On ancient Central-Asian tracks : brief narrative of three expeditions in innermost Asia and Northwestern China.

Tavernier Jean-Baptiste


Tesson Sylvain, Eloge de l'énergie vagabonde (Edition Equateurs). Sur son vélo, l'écrivain voyageur Sylvain Tesson a suivi un pipeline de la mer d'Aral à l'Anatolie. Après le succès de son délicieux Petit Traité sur l'immensité du monde (Editions des Equateurs) - 30 000 exemplaires écoulés - notre écrivain voyageur a eu, cette fois-ci, l'idée saugrenue de suivre... un pipeline, entre Aral, Caspienne et Anatolie (d'après Jérôme Dupuis).

Ujfalvy-Bourdon, Marie de, De Paris à Samarkand. Le Ferghanah, le Kouldja et la Sibérie occidentale. Impressions de voyage d'une Parisienne, Paris: Hachette, 1880, (Mentionned and presented in Lapeyre Françoise, Le Roman des voyageuses françaises (1800-1900), Paris: Petite Bibliothèque Payot/Voyageurs, 2007).

Vapereau Marie, with Charles Vapereau, "De Pékin à Paris. La Corée, l'Amour et la Sibérie", Le Tour du Monde, 1894, I, p. 177-272; 1894, II, p. 193-240, (Mentionned and presented in Lapeyre Françoise, Le Roman des voyageuses françaises (1800-1900), Paris: Petite Bibliothèque Payot/Voyageurs, 2007).

Von Le Coq, Albert (1928), Buried Treasures of Chinese Turkestan: An Account of the Activities and Adventures of the Second and Third German Turfan Expeditions.

Xuan Zang (San Zang) see Notes: Great Tang Records on the Western Regions (大唐西域记). In 646, under the Emperor's request, Xuanzang completed his book "Journey to the West in the Great Tang Dynasty" (大唐西域記), which has become one of the primary sources for the study of medieval Central Asia and India. Stanislas Julien first translated this book into French in 1857. There was also a biography of Xuanzang written by the monk Huili (慧立), (From http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xuanzang, 12 October 2007). Xuan Zang
Travels of Hsuan-Tsang -- Buddhist Pilgrim of the Seventh Century. A short article with map and a picture. Accessible from the Silk Road foundation. Xuanzang on the Silk Road:
Much longer article by Sally Hovey Wriggins, with notes and bibliography (but no pictures)


Yijing (635-713)

Zhang Qian, Zhang Qian was an imperial envoy from the Han dynasty, sent from present day Xi'an to the West. He traveled twice towards Central Asia, went as far as the Ily valley, to Sogdiana, Ferghana and Bactria (present day Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan and Afghanistan). He stayed outside China more than 13 years. Zhang Qian, Chinese explorer (wiki).


ZHAO Rugua: Chau Ju-kua, His work of the chinese and arab trade in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries : entitled Chu-fan-chï (Zhufan zhi) ; transl. from the Chinese and annoted by Friedrich Hirth and W. W. Rockhill, Taipei : Ch'eng-wen, 1977, 288 p. ; 23 cm, reprint from St. Petersburg : Printing Office of the Imperial Academy of Sciences, 1911.

Zheng He

Travelers on the Silk Road. A page from The Silk Road Foundation: It lists 48 famous travelers on the Silk Road, with attached articles and bibliography. Excellent quality.


The explorers and archeologists of the XIXth and XXth century are carefully presented on the International Dunhuang project, under "Collections"

Within CHINA

The China ware map
Reference: China Trail, BBC Radio Four series about the production and international trade of "China", i.e. porcelain, ceramics from China, exported in Europe and all over the world. Trail between Shanghai and Guangzhou via Jin De Zhen.
Listen to program 2.

Two broadcasts on Chinese ceramics, with a complete presentation of the trail followed by ceramics from its production center, Jin De Zhen (next to Gaolin where the raw material for porcelain comes from) and the city of Guangzhou (Canton) on the south, the sea port where from ceramics was exported to the whole world.
http://www.bbc.co.uk/radio4/history/chinaonaplate_map.shtml

ENNIN JIKAKU DAISHI, ENNIN'S ITINERARY THROUGH CHINA

Within Korea

Within Japan

A PIED EN CHINE
ATLANTIC PACIFIC RUN
SILKROADS FROM … TO NARA
DES MÉGALITHES BRETONS AUX MÉGALITHES DE LA CORÉE
FROM ARANTZAZU TO AMATERASU
*****
LAUSANNE ASIA WALK
SILKROADS CULTURAL AREA
SILKROADS.CH
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